| Sign of Attack / Symptom |
Control |
(i) Insect-Pests :
Termite : Attacks and kills young wheat plants in unirrigated areas in lower hills. |
1. Treat the seed with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 4ml/kg seed
2. Mix 2 litres chlorpyriphos 20 EC with 25 kg sand and apply in one hectare.
3. Remove stubbles of previous crop before sowing. |
| Grashopper : Causes damage to germinating crop by cutting the plants. Sometimes serious at lower elevations and in valley areas. |
1. Dust Follidol 2% dust @ 20-25 kg/ha
2. It is better to dust the grass on bunds and in waste land near the field before germination of wheat and barley as hopper migrate to germinating crop from these sources. |
| Armyworm : Feeds on foliage of young crop and attack shifts from one field to other |
1. Collect and kill the gregarious forms of caterpillars.
2. Spray 1125 ml Endosulfan 35 EC (Thiodan/ Hildon/ Endocin) or 750 ml Fenitrothion 50 EC (Folithion/Sumithion/Accothion) in
750 litres water. |
| Wheat bug : Appears in certain localized areas of Kullu and Kinnaur on milky grains and causes chaffyness of grains. |
Spray as above |
| Pod borer : Caterpillars feed on leaves and developing grains. |
Spray 1.5 L Endosulfan 35 EC (Thiodan/Hildon/ Endocel) in 750 litres water/ha |
| Wheat aphid : Aphids may cause severe damage by sucking sap from leaves and ultimately inhibiting grain formation. |
Spray 750 ml Methyl demeton 25 EC (Metasystox) or 750 ml Dimethoate 30 EC (Rogar) in 750 L water/ha. |
(ii) Diseases :
Yellowrust: Small,yellow coloured pustules arranged end to end in the form of stripes appear on the leaves and leaf sheaths. The rust is common in higher and mid hills where it causes much damage. |
1. In case of crop meant for seed purpose, spray with 0.2% Dithane M-45/Indofil M-45 (0.2%) at 15-day interval from first appearance of disease symptoms.
2. Plant resistant varieties
3.Spray Bayleton 25 EC, Tilt 25 EC (0.1%) or Contaf 5 EC (0.2%)
|
| Brown rust : Scattered, round and brown coloured pustules appear on the leaves. The rust is common in low lying and valley areas. |
1. In case of crop meant for seed purpose, spray with 0.2% Dithane M-45/Indofil M-45 (0.2%) at 15-day interval from first appearance of disease symptoms.
2. Plant resistant varieties
3.Spray Bayleton 25 EC, Tilt 25 EC (0.1%) or Contaf 5 EC (0.2%)
|
| Black rust : Dark brown pustules appear on stems, leaves and leaf sheaths. The teleuto sori are most commonly ruptured with fringed epidermis. The rust is common in areas adjacent to plains. |
Plant resistant varieties |
| Loose smut: The affected plants produce black smutted ears containing loosely held spore mass. |
1. Rogue out smutted plants as soon as they appear and destroy
2. Treat seed with Vitavax/ Benlate/Bavistin @ 2.5 g/kg seed.
3. Grow resistant varieties in areas where the incidence of
disease is quite high.
Note : Seed treatment should preferably be done at sowing
time, however, there is no harm if it is done earlier also.
|
| Bunt : The grains in the affected ears at full ripeness are filled with a greasy spore mass smelling strongly of rotten fish. The grain coat, however, remains intact. |
Treat seed with Vitavax or Agrosan GN (2.5g/kg seed). |
Flagsmut:Thediseaseis
Characterised by the appearance of long narrow stripes running parallel to the veins on the leaves. These stripes later on rupture exposing black sooty mass of spores. |
1.Avoid late sowing.
2.Apply irrigation immediately after sowing in fields where disease is serious.
3.Treat seed with Bavistin/ Venlate @ 2.5 g/kg seed.
4.Rogue out diseased plants and destroy them by burning.
|
| Powdery mildew : The disease is characterized by appearance of white to ashy coloured loose cottony mass of
fungus on aerial parts of the plants
especially stems, leaves and leaf
sheaths. |
Spray the crop at fortnightly interval with Karathane (0.05%) or Bavistin (0.05%). |
| Karnal but : Only few ears in a stool and only few grains in an ear are affected and transformed into black
bunt sori. |
1. Treat the seed with Bavistin/Agrosan GN @ 2.5 g/kg seed.
2. Plant resistant varieties
|
| Ear cockle and yellow ear rot: The affected ears become abortive with twisted stalk bearing yellow slime. At later stage, the ears carry dark green
galls known as cockles filled with
nematode larvae. |
1. Rogue out affected plants and destroy
2. Separate out the nematode galls from seed by floatation method in 5% ordinary salt solution.
|