| Insect-Pests |
Preventive/Curative measures |
| (i) Insect-Pests of Stored Grains |
(i) Wheat, barley and other grains :
Stored grain insect-pests
attack the stored grain products as a result of which the grains
losains are khapra beetle, lesser grain borer,
rice weevil, red rust flour beetle and grain mothe their nutritive value and germinative capacity. Important
insect-pests of these gairns are khapra beetle, lesser grain borer,
rice weevil, red rust flour beetle and grain moth. |
1. Store new grains in a clean godown
2. Fill cracks, crevices and holes with cement.
3. Use brand new gunny bags. Old gunny bags if
used, must be disinfected by dipping in Malathion 50
EC (1 part of cythion/ malathion) in 500 parts water for
10 minutes and dried in shade before filling the grains.
4. Disinfect empty godowns in April-May by spraying\
Malathion 50 EC (1 part of cythion/ malathion) in 100
parts water on floor, walls and ceiling or by using
almunium phosphide (celphos/ phostoxin) 25 tablets for
100 cubic meter (3600 cubic ft.).
5. Mix 250g Cythion/Malathion 5% dust per quintal
grains meant for seed only.
Caution
1. Where there is infection of khapra, fumigation of
godown with Celphos/ Phostoxin (aluminium
phosphide) is essential by using double the
recommended dose for grains.
2. Do not mix BHC with grains meant for
consumption.
3. Fumigate only in air-tight stores. Do not use
fumigants in houses
|
| Pulses |
| Gram dhora, mung dhora |
Aluminium phosphide (Phostoxin/celphos) @ one tablet
of 3 g/metric tonne or 25 tablets/100 cubic metre of
space. Do not expose for 7 days. |
| (ii) Insect-Pests of Nursery Beds |
Cutworms :
They are polyphagus and especially damage nursery
and newly transplanted seedlings by cutting them at ground level.
Dirty grey caterpillars remain in soil at day time and at nigh come
out of their hide-outs and damage the crop. |
1. At sowing time or when the crop is to be
transplanted, apply 2.5 ml chlorpyriphos 20 EC/ litre of
water in the soil. |
| (iii) Non Insect-Pests and Their Control |
Root-knot nematodes :
Leaves of affected cole crops, tomato,
brinjal and bhindi plants become discoloured after the invasion of
their roots by the larvae. Occasionally, leaves dry up and plant
height is affected. On the roots, distinct galls or knots develop and
in case of severe infestation, side roots develop profusely which
gradually weaken the plants. |
1. Flood the soil and destroy alternate weed hosts.
2. Do not take same crop in the same plot regularly.
Follow suitable crop rotation.
3. Use carbofuran 3G(Furadon) @ 33 kg/ha before
sowing or transplanting. |
Field rats and house rats :
They cause heavy losses and
destroy the stored grains and other products by consuming and
contaminating with their excreta, urine, hair and extraneous
matter. They also spoil storage bags, clothes etc. |
1. Use traps for catching rats and kill by drowning in
water.
2. Close all burrows in the evening and fumigate
reopened burrows of field rats with Aluminium
(Phostoxin/Celphos) one tablet per hole.
3. Bait with zinc phosphide : smear 19.5 kg wheat,
gram, maize or bajra grains with sarson oil and mix with
it 500 g zinc phosphide. Put one table spoon of these
poisoned grains in and outside the burrow. |
Birds :
Some birds such as sparrows, parrots, crows etc. are
harmful to grains, crops, vegetables and fruits. |
1. Scare them aways by means of mechanical bird
scarer.
2. Sparrows can be killed by feeding them soaked
wheat grains containing 2% Lebaycid 100 EC
(fenthion).
3. Crows can be killed by feeding them on chapatis soaked in water containing 2% Lebaycid 100 EC
(fenthion).
4. Destroy eggs and nests during breeding season.
Caution:
Soak 1 kg wheat in 1/2 L water containing 2-3
ml Lebaycid 100 EC (fenthion) for 6 hours and then dry
under shade. These grains should be spread on cloth
late in the evening so that sparrows may eat them early
in the morning. Pets, cattle and children should be kept
away from baits. |