| Crop |
Preventive/Curative measures |
| Insect-pests of store grains |
|
| Stored grain insect-pests attack the stored grain
products as a results of which the grains lose
their nutritive value and germinating capacity.
Important insect-pests of these grains are hapra
beetle, lesser grain borer, rice weevil, red rust
flour beetle and grain moth. |
1. Store the grains in a clean godown
2. Fill cracks, crevices and holes with cement.
3. Use brand new gunny bags. Old gunny bags. Old
gunny bags if used, must be disinfected by dipping in 1 part
malathion (Cythion 50 EC) in 500 parts water for 10
minutes and dried in shade before filling the grains.
4. Disinfect empty godown in April-May by sprying 1 part
malathion (Cythion 50 EC) in 100 parts water on floor, walls
and ceiling or by using 25 tablets of Celphos/Phostoxin or
35 L EDCT mixture per 100 cm m (36000 ft.)
5. Mix 5% malathion (Cythion) dust @ 2.5 kg/metric tonne
or 250 g/qunital grains meant for seed only.
Caution :
1. Where there is infestation of khapra, fumigation of
godown with Celphos Phostoxin is essential by using douel
the recommended doses.
2. Do not mix BHC with grains meant for consumption.
3. Fumigate only in air tight stores. Do not use them in
houses. |
| Pulses |
|
| Gram dhora, mung dhora |
1. Phostoxin, Delicia or Celphos @ one tablet of 3
g/metric tonne or 25 tablets/100 cu metre space. Exposure
7 days.
2. EDCT mixture (Kiloptera) 1 L for 20 quintals of grains
or 35 L for 100 cubic metre space. Exposure 4 days.
Caution : The fumigants should be used only in airtight
stores by especially trained persons because they are
deadly poisonous. |
| Non-insect pests and their control |
|
| Root-knot nematodes : Leaves of affected
tomato, brinjal and bhindi plants become
discoloured after the invasion of their roots by
the larvae. Occasionally, leaves dry up and
plant height is affected. On the roots, distinct
galls or knots develop and in case of severe
infestation, side roots develop profusely which
gradually weaken the plants. |
1. In case of nursery crops, apply Albicarb or Carbofuran
@ 1 kg a.i./ha at the time of seed sowing/transplanting.
2. Crop rotation with non-host crops like maize and paddy
should be practised. Growing of these vegetable crops on
the same piece of land year after year helps higher
population build ip of this nematode and causes heavy
damage to the crops.
3. Chemical application on large sale (under field
conditions) is not normally recommended, as it is very
costly. If necessary, the same doseages of nematicides as
mentioned for nursery treatment should be applied under
field conditions in nematode infested patches only.
4. Grow resistant varieties if available. |
| Snails and slugs : Snails and slugs eat the
emerging radicle and plumple. They also feed
on the bran leaves of younger plants and cause
severe damage. |
Sprinkle Snaikill 5% granules in the field or bait contianing
metaldehyde 2.5% with moist or 900 g of metaldehyde in
31 kg of moist bran/ha. Best results are achieved when
broadcasted on the soil during a moist warm evening a few
days after a dry weather. |
| Field rats and house rats : They cause heavy
losses and destroy the stored graisn and other
products by consuming, contaminating with their
excreta, urine, hair and gextraneous matter.
They also spoil storage bags, clothes, etc. |
1. Close all burrows in the evening and fumigate
reopened burrows of field rats with Phostoxin or Celphos or
Delicia using 1/2 part of 3 tablets/burrow in clay and sandy
soils.
2. Bail with zinc phosphide : smear 19.5 kg wheat, gram,
maize or bajara grains with sarson oil and mix with it 500 g
zinc phosphide. Put one table spoon on these poisoned
grains in or outside burrows. |
| Jackals and porcupines : They are generally
active at night and damage sugarcane, maize,
jowar, green vegetables, watermelon, sweet
potato and plant nurseries. |
Spot burrows of porcupines and fimigate with
Celphos/Phostoxin tablets. |
| Birds : Some birds such as sparrows, parrots,
crows, etc. are harmful to may grain crops,
vegetables and fruits. |
1. Scare them away by means of mechanical bird scarer.
2. Sprrows can be killed by feeding them soaked wheat
grains containing 2% fenthion (Lebaycid 50 EC).
3. Crows can be killed by feeding them on chapatis
soaked in water containing 2% fenthion (Lebaycid 50 EC).
Caution :Soak 1 kg wheat grains in 1/2 L water containing
4-5 ml Lebaycid 50 EC for 6 hours. Dry under shade,
These grains should be spread on cloth late in the evening
so that sparrows may eat them early the morning. Pets,
cattle and children should be kept away from bait.
|
The quality of water recommended for different sprays in insect control is according to the conventional
high volume sprayers that are in general use. If motorised kanpsack sprayers is used, then the amount of water
would be 40-125 L per hectare. However, the quantity of the insecticide would remain the same in both the
cases.